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Are junction boxes legal?

Under the rules of the Highway Code, you're not allowed to enter the yellow box unless your exit is clear and there is enough space on the other side of the junction for your car to clear the box completely without stopping.

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Extent

The key design principle is that yellow boxes should be no bigger than is necessary to prevent vehicles obstructing through movements. They are not designed for, and serve no purpose in situations where vehicles are travelling in the same direction. We call these ‘merging’ movements. This is also reflected in Department for Transport Guidance which states: “Nor should they be used where traffic streams merge, as it will not be clear which stream has precedence when a gap appears.”

Using this criteria we can assess for example this box in Birmingham:

The blue area shows a conflicting cross movement. If a vehicle on the main road stopped here it would block through traffic on Wheeleys Road (and vice versa). However, the rest of the box (outside the blue area) is not protecting a cross movement. Traffic in that area is merging from three directions. If this box were to be enforced, tickets issued in the blue area would certainly be justified, however tickets issued outside that area would not. In congested merging conditions, it can often be very difficult for drivers to proceed without stopping in the box and unfair to penalise them.

A ‘merging’ box in Ashton-under-Lyne:

Visibility

The second main criteria is that drivers should have adequate visibility beyond the box to be able to make a clear judgement before entering it. The regulations state: “…a vehicle which is stationary or stops within a box junction includes a vehicle which is stationary whilst part of it is within the box junction.” It’s not just that drivers need to see the end of the box, they need to see that there is space beyond the box for their vehicle to fit without any part of it overhanging. In the case of a car that will be 5-6m. For larger vehicles, it will be up to 15m. There are many situations where visibility is obscured by buildings. Take this example from Northcote Road in Clapham, London. This was the site of a notorious box which was removed many years ago but not before many drivers were fined. We can see the same issue at other junctions around the country, eg here in Manchester. Drivers may be surprised to hear that there is no legal requirement for authorities to meet the above design criteria and it is simply down to the competence of the enforcing authority. Designers should take to a car in rush hour themselves to see if they can negotiate the box without stopping, before insisting that others do the same.

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