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How does PVC affect the body?

Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are extra heartbeats that begin in one of the heart's two lower pumping chambers (ventricles). These extra beats disrupt the regular heart rhythm, sometimes causing a sensation of a fluttering or a skipped beat in the chest.

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Overview

Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are extra heartbeats that begin in one of the heart's two lower pumping chambers (ventricles). These extra beats disrupt the regular heart rhythm, sometimes causing a sensation of a fluttering or a skipped beat in the chest. Premature ventricular contractions are a common type of irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). PVCs are also called:

Premature ventricular complexes

Ventricular premature beats

Ventricular extrasystoles

Occasional premature ventricular contractions in people without heart disease usually aren't a concern and likely don't need treatment. You might need treatment if the premature ventricular contractions are very frequent or bothersome, or if you have an underlying heart condition.

Symptoms

Premature ventricular contractions often cause few or no symptoms. But the extra beats can cause unusual sensations in the chest, such as:

Fluttering

Pounding or jumping

Skipped beats or missed beats

Increased awareness of the heartbeat

When to see a doctor

If you feel fluttering, pounding or a sensation of skipped heartbeats in your chest, talk to your health care provider. A health care provider can determine if the sensations are due to a heart condition or other health concern. Similar signs and symptoms can be caused by many other conditions such as anxiety, low red blood cell count (anemia), overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) and infections. There is a problem with information submitted for this request. Review/update the information highlighted below and resubmit the form. From Mayo Clinic to your inbox Sign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. Email ErrorEmail field is required ErrorInclude a valid email address Learn more about Mayo Clinic’s use of data. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with other information we have about you. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could include protected health information. If we combine this information with your protected health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of privacy practices. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. Subscribe! Thank you for subscribing! You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. Sorry something went wrong with your subscription Please, try again in a couple of minutes Retry

Causes

Typical heartbeat Open pop-up dialog box Close Typical heartbeat Typical heartbeat In a typical heart rhythm, a tiny cluster of cells at the sinus node sends out an electrical signal (impulse). The signal travels through the atria to the atrioventricular (AV) node and then passes into the ventricles, causing them to contract and pump out blood. To understand the cause of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), it might help to learn more about how the heart typically beats.

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The heart is made of four chambers — two upper chambers (atria) and two lower chambers (ventricles). The heart's rhythm is controlled by a natural pacemaker (the sinus node) in the right upper chamber (atrium). The sinus node sends electrical signals that typically start each heartbeat. These electrical signals move across the atria, causing the heart muscles to squeeze (contract) and pump blood into the ventricles. Next, the signals arrive at a cluster of cells called the AV node, where they slow down. This slight delay allows the ventricles to fill with blood. When the electrical signals reach the ventricles, the chambers contract and pump blood to the lungs or to the rest of the body. In a typical heart, this heart signaling process usually goes smoothly, resulting in a resting heart rate of 60 to 100 beats a minute. PVCs are irregular contractions that start in the ventricles instead of the atria. The contractions usually beat sooner than the next expected heartbeat. The cause of premature ventricular contractions isn't always clear. Certain things including heart diseases or changes in the body can make cells in the lower heart chambers electrically unstable. Heart disease or scarring may cause the heart's signals to be misrouted.

Premature ventricular contractions may be caused by:

Certain medications, including decongestants and antihistamines

Alcohol or drug misuse

Stimulants such as caffeine or tobacco

Increased levels of adrenaline in the body due to exercise or anxiety

Injury to the heart muscle due to disease

Risk factors

Certain lifestyle choices and health conditions may make a person more likely to develop premature ventricular contractions (PVCs).

Risk factors for PVCs include:

Caffeine

Tobacco

Alcohol

Stimulants such as cocaine or methamphetamines

Exercise — if you have certain types of PVCs

Anxiety

Heart attack

Heart disease, including congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, heart failure and a weakened heart muscle (cardiomyopathy)

Complications

Having frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) or certain patterns of them might increase the risk of developing irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) or weakening of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy). Rarely, when accompanied by heart disease, frequent premature contractions can lead to chaotic, dangerous heart rhythms and possibly sudden cardiac death.

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