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How long does a gravel driveway last?

thespruce.com - Gravel Driveway Pros and Cons - The Spruce

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Gravel driveways are popular in some areas since they are low-cost and easier to install than other types of driveways. In rural areas, gravel is the material of choice for both driveways and roadways. For many homes, it is not uncommon to have gravel driveways leading to concrete garage floors. Gravel is far less expensive for long driveways than most other driveway materials, and it can last for generations with regular maintenance. Learn more below about gravel driveway pros and cons.

Pros Low cost

Easier to install

Gravel can be replenished

Drains well

Compacts well

Easy to fix potholes with extra gravel Cons Gravel can wash away

Weeds can grow in gravel

Not a premium driveway material

Difficult to snowplow

Hard to clean

Types of Gravel

The term gravel can refer to any loose rock or stone that is larger than sand but smaller than cobble, which means it can range from about 1/10 inch to 2 1/2 inches in diameter. The best kind of gravel used for driveways is typically a processed product that consists of rocks, sand, and clay. This mixture has a major advantage over plain rocks in that it compacts much better to create a stable surface. While coarse gravel or stone paving is designed to let water flow through it, other types of gravel driveways are designed to shed water, much like solid paving materials such as concrete or asphalt.

Who Is a Gravel Driveway Best For?

Gravel driveways work best for homes in rural areas, and they even work in some urban areas. It helps to have a buffer zone around the gravel driveway to capture those inevitable stray pieces of gravel. If your property is prone to movement or if you have large tree roots, gravel driveways are flexible and extremely accommodating. Owners of large properties often prefer gravel driveways over concrete or even asphalt, because it is cost-effective. Keeping a gravel driveway in shape in the winter can have its challenges. Properties that need frequent snowplowing or scraping do not work as well for gravel driveways, because the plow tends to scrape up the gravel, as well. Tip Check with your local building department before laying down a gravel driveway. Some urban areas do not allow gravel on smaller lots, or they may require that a certain size of rock be used.

Maintaining a Gravel Driveway

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Gravel driveways require regular maintenance, much more than concrete or asphalt driveways. Regular maintenance helps ensure the optimal performance of a gravel driveway and helps prevent costly replacement. Depending on the local climate and how much traffic the driveway receives, gravel surfaces may need to be regraded once a year or more. Gravel driveways readily develop potholes, dips, and grooves, even from normal usage. More vigorous activities like turning around a vehicle will gouge out the gravel even faster. The good side of these potholes and dips is that they are easy to fix. With a nearby, covered pile of gravel, most homeowners can quickly fill in potholes with just a shovel. As soon as they start, potholes and dips should be filled in to prevent them from getting larger and deeper. Larger potholes require larger tools. Regrading requires heavy equipment, such as a tractor with a bucket and grader, to grade the surface and spread and compact fresh gravel. One of the biggest drawbacks of a gravel driveway is that they are more difficult to plow or clear with a snowblower. Unlike solid materials, the surface of the gravel cannot be scraped clean without displacing the gravel. Even if you're careful, gravel becomes displaced over the course of a winter and must be replaced or moved back onto the driveway.

How Long Will a Gravel Driveway Last?

With proper care and maintenance, a gravel driveway can last up to 100 years. The beauty of gravel is that it can be repaired and replenished on an ongoing basis. By contrast, wear and damage to asphalt and concrete driveways are difficult to remedy and replacement is often more cost-effective than extensive repairs. Gravel is also less vulnerable to damage from seasonal freeze-thaw cycles, or frost heave, which can cause significant cracking and settling in solid driveway materials.

How Much Does a Gravel Driveway Cost?

The cost of a gravel driveway can vary, from about $1 per square foot to over $3 per square foot. Even at the high end, however, a gravel driveway is still about the least expensive driveway you can build. One major factor in the discrepancy is how far the gravel has to be trucked. Another factor is the thickness of the driveway.

How to Build a Gravel Driveway

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It is possible to create a rudimentary gravel driveway simply by having a dump truck unload some crushed rock where you want it. You'll need to calculate how much stone should be delivered. By hand or preferably with light motorized equipment such as a mini track loader or a stand-on skid steer, you can move the gravel into place to form the driveway. It is more involved when you put down filter fabric, base rock, and a grid system under a gravel driveway. Tip You can also build a gravel driveway using a tough plastic grid system. A gravel driveway grid is designed to hold the gravel in place and drain rainwater. Typically there is filter fabric and base rock under the grid. These types of grids are also used to build grass driveways. Building a gravel driveway can be far more DIY-friendly than building a concrete driveway, which requires creating concrete forms, setting and tying rebar, and ordering a load of concrete from a truck.

Gravel Driveway DIY option

May be built over time

Less infrastructure than concrete

Time-sensitive job

Requires forms and rebar

Requires curing time

The added cost of building a proper gravel driveway—usually a contractor-driven project—pays for itself many times over in the increased lifespan and lower maintenance of the driveway. Here are the basic steps used to build a gravel driveway: The topsoil is removed. Soil below the topsoil is compacted. Optional geotextile fabric is laid down to keep weeds out. A 4-inch layer of fist-sized rocks, known as base rock, is placed on top of the fabric. A 4-inch layer of gravel roughly the size of golf balls is placed on top of the base rock. A third layer of marble-sized gravel is placed on top of all the layers of rock. The driveway also is shaped with a crown at the center so that water flows off to either side.

Each layer is compacted thoroughly before the next layer is added.

Gravel Driveway Ideas and Tips

A gravel driveway can look elegant and neatly styled. Here are a few design ideas and tips:

thespruce.com - Gravel Driveway Pros and Cons - The Spruce

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