Photo: Sam Lion

When should I use armoured cable?

To put it in context, typically armoured cables would be used when you require the cable to be buried directly underground, for outdoor installation or in tunnels. There may be instances where the ground is opened up again, and in the process, a spade or mechanical excavator may hit the buried cable by accident.

blog.keystone-cable.com - When do we use Armoured Cables? - Keystone Academy

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What is the difference between unarmoured and armoured cables?

As the name implies, an armoured cable has added protective armour that helps protect the cable core. This is important in places where there could be accidental damage to the cable due to mechanical stress or impact. To put it in context, typically armoured cables would be used when you require the cable to be buried directly underground, for outdoor installation or in tunnels. There may be instances where the ground is opened up again, and in the process, a spade or mechanical excavator may hit the buried cable by accident. The armour in this case would help protect the cable conductor core from being exposed easily and prevent electric shocks and interruptions in power delivery. For standard power cables, you may come across aluminium wire armour (AWA) or steel wire armour (SWA). Steel is naturally a stronger material, but you will notice that for single-core cables, it is ALWAYS paired with AWA and never SWA. This is because aluminium is non-magnetic.

What is AWA vs SWA for armoured cables?

If a single-core cable is paired with steel wire armour, there will be a magnetic field induced when current flows through - the whole cable becomes a large magnet. The higher the current, the larger the field. The magnetic field will induce an electric current (eddy current) in the steel, which would cause overheating and massive derating of the cable. Aluminium, due to its non-magnetic nature, would not cause this issue. However, once we move past single-core into two or more cores, it is safe to revert to galvanized steel wire armour because magnetic fields produced in such multi-core cables will have a cancelling out effect by the other cores’ fields thereby preventing the magnetic flux.

Armoured cable construction

This would be a typical armoured cable construction at Keystone:

Conductor: Class 2 stranded plain annealed copper

Insulation: cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) is recommended over polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to provide a higher maximum operating temperature, better water resistance and stronger dielectric properties

Bedding: a protective layer between the insulation and the armour.

Armour: steel or aluminium armour to provide the mechanical protection

Sheath: PVC or LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) outer sheath that holds the cable together. LSZH would be recommended for public areas or in tunnels. At Keystone we would also include UV stabilizer and anti-termite additives in our cable sheath material.

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What happens if you get caught remodeling without a permit in California?

Contractors who violate the law are subject to disciplinary action by CSLB, including civil penalty assessments of up to $5,000 per violation, an order of correction that requires payment of permit fees and any assessed penalties imposed by the local building department, and suspension or revocation of the license.

cslb.ca.gov - Filing a Building Permit Violation Form - CSLB - CA.gov

Building permits are required by law as a public safety measure. Permits ensure that construction is performed in compliance with state and local codes, including safety standards. On June 11, 2009, the Contractors State License Board (CSLB) voted unanimously to place a high priority on enforcing building permit requirements, and an industry bulletin was subsequently issued on November 30, 2009, to alert licensees that CSLB would be accelerating building permit enforcement efforts, beginning January 2010. Failure to obtain a building permit is a violation of Contractors License Law. Further, construction performed without a permit can expose a homeowner to additional liability and costs. When a contractor performs improvement work without a local building permit, it is a violation of Business and Professions (B&P) Code sections 7110 and 7090. Contractors who violate the law are subject to disciplinary action by CSLB, including civil penalty assessments of up to $5,000 per violation, an order of correction that requires payment of permit fees and any assessed penalties imposed by the local building department, and suspension or revocation of the license. If you suspect a violation has occurred, please fill out a Building Permit Violation Referral form. CSLB will contact the contractor regarding the permit allegation and take the appropriate disciplinary action.

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