Photo: Tim Douglas

Why do they put 2x4 around trees?

PROTECTING TRUNK AND LIMBS Place 2x4's vertically, side by side, around the diameter of the tree trunk and hold securely in place with strapping. This will protect the trunk from potential physical damage from vehicles, equipment, hand tools, or debris being used in the project area.

nps.gov - Landscape Maintenance - Protecting Historic Trees During Construction

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TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION DAMAGE

Trees in the vicinity of a construction site can sustain damage from soil compaction, severing of roots, trunk and limb injury, and limb breakage from construction equipment and activities. Trees are alive and like most living things they need access to water, air, sunlight, and nutrients to maintain good health. Trees also need structural stability and relatively intact wood in order to support themselves and to prevent breaking limbs or the entire tree falling over. In a landscape where trees have access to adequate resources such as high-quality soil, nutrients, light, and water, they can grow effectively and can sufficiently sustain themselves. However, adverse impacts from unmitigated on-site construction can undermine a tree’s stability by impairing soil quality, limiting access to light and water, or by causing physical damage to roots, trunks, and branches. Some specific types of tree damage that can occur during site construction include: Soil compaction – Heavy equipment, storage of supplies and materials, and work activities within or near a tree’s dripline (i.e. directly below the canopy) can cause the soil within the root zone to compress and can often limit the availability of air, water, and nutrients to the roots. Soil compaction is greatly increased following an event such as rain or irrigation, when wet or moist soil is compressed by equipment or foot traffic. Compacted soil is extremely difficult to remedy and can lead to the decline and/or death of a tree. – Heavy equipment, storage of supplies and materials, and work activities within or near a tree’s dripline (i.e. directly below the canopy) can cause the soil within the root zone to compress and can often limit the availability of air, water, and nutrients to the roots. Soil compaction is greatly increased following an event such as rain or irrigation, when wet or moist soil is compressed by equipment or foot traffic. Compacted soil is extremely difficult to remedy and can lead to the decline and/or death of a tree. Severing of roots - Construction projects may require the installation or the rehabilitation of footings, foundations, paved areas, walkways, roads, irrigation lines, drainage systems, utilities, etc. When such construction occurs adjacent to trees, roots are often severed to facilitate the work. Roots principally serve three functions for a tree: they provide structural stability to keep the tree upright and anchored to the soil, they absorb water and nutrients from the soil, and they are a storehouse of nutrition that supports tree growth and development. When roots, especially those over two inches in diameter, are severed during construction, trees can become less stable, absorb less water and nutrients, and lose stored nutrition, all of which can lead to decline and/or death. - Construction projects may require the installation or the rehabilitation of footings, foundations, paved areas, walkways, roads, irrigation lines, drainage systems, utilities, etc. When such construction occurs adjacent to trees, roots are often severed to facilitate the work. Roots principally serve three functions for a tree: they provide structural stability to keep the tree upright and anchored to the soil, they absorb water and nutrients from the soil, and they are a storehouse of nutrition that supports tree growth and development. When roots, especially those over two inches in diameter, are severed during construction, trees can become less stable, absorb less water and nutrients, and lose stored nutrition, all of which can lead to decline and/or death. Trunk and limb injury – Gashes and cuts in tree trunks can occur from accidental vehicle and equipment hits, strikes from materials such as lumber or steel beams, hand and power tools, etc. Such impacts open wounds by breaching the tree’s protective layer of bark and exposing it to damaging insects and plant diseases. The physical damage that is caused can also disrupt the effective flow of water and nutrients through the trunk and limbs to other parts of the tree. Depending on the severity of the impact and the damage caused, trunk and limb injury can cause tree decline and possible death.

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– Gashes and cuts in tree trunks can occur from accidental vehicle and equipment hits, strikes from materials such as lumber or steel beams, hand and power tools, etc. Such impacts open wounds by breaching the tree’s protective layer of bark and exposing it to damaging insects and plant diseases. The physical damage that is caused can also disrupt the effective flow of water and nutrients through the trunk and limbs to other parts of the tree. Depending on the severity of the impact and the damage caused, trunk and limb injury can cause tree decline and possible death. Limb breakage – Trucks and other large equipment that strike tree limbs can cause breakage. The loss of limbs through breakage results in two principle impacts to trees: reduced capacity to capture sunlight for photosynthesis through lost foliage, and the opening of branch wounds that expose the tree to damaging insects and diseases. While the loss of smaller limbs and branches may only cause a minimal set-back in the health and vitality of a tree, breakage and/or loss of particularly large limbs can result in tree decline and death.

PREEMPTIVE PROTECTIVE MEASURES

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Collect and propagate cuttings of historically significant trees before construction begins.

Historically important trees that have significant associations with people, events, design, etc., or are irreplaceable through commercial nursery sources, should be preserved by collecting and propagating cuttings prior to the start of construction. While such cuttings may not be needed to replace the original tree due to decline resulting from construction damage, it is better to have these available if needed. Rooting cuttings from aged trees may require specialized facilities and skills. Consult with a local plant nursery about propagation services they may be able to provide.

nps.gov - Landscape Maintenance - Protecting Historic Trees During Construction

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