Why is my pee heavier than water?

The higher the number of particles in the urine, the higher the urine specific gravity. If there are more particles than in water, urine will be denser, and the specific gravity will be higher. Particles present in the urine may include glucose, proteins, and ketones.

medicalnewstoday.com - Urine specific gravity test: What is it, and what do results mean?

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A doctor will use a urine specific gravity test if they suspect that a person is dehydrated, has impaired kidney function, or has a condition that can alter the body’s fluid status, such as diabetes insipidus .

The test involves collecting a urine sample for testing in a laboratory.

A urine specific gravity test compares the density of urine with the density of water. It allows doctors to see the concentration of particles present in urine. Doctors consider the result of a urine specific gravity test to be normal if it is within the range 1.003–1.030 . However, doctors cannot specify low, acceptable, or high values because many factors can affect urine composition. Urine specific gravity is only one measure of health. If a doctor identifies an unusual result, they may recommend further testing to determine if an underlying condition is causing the urine changes.

urine culture

urine osmolality

urine pH

ketone testing

Results from these other tests will help make an accurate diagnosis.

Learn more about urinalysis here.

Causes of high readings

High specific gravity suggests that the concentration of urine is too high. This can be a sign of dehydration, and the doctor may recommend drinking more clear fluids.

Conditions that cause high specific gravity include:

dehydration

diarrhea or vomiting resulting in dehydration

congestive heart failure

shock

High levels of certain substances in the urine can also cause high specific gravity.

Substances include:

glucose

proteins

red or white blood cells

Learn more about red blood cells in the urine here.

Causes of low readings

Low specific gravity suggests that urine is too diluted. The person may be drinking too much fluid or have a condition that makes them thirsty.

Conditions that cause low specific gravity include:

Hyponatremia can result from some of these conditions. If a person has hyponatremia, sodium levels in the body are too low.

Learn what happens where there is too much sodium in the body.

Other factors that can affect results

Other factors that may give an inaccurate result include :

exposing the sample to light and temperature, which can change the composition of some particles

bacterial growth

alkaline pH

glucose, which can affect pH

contrast agents used in scans and other procedures

recent exercise

some foods, such as beetroot, rhubarb, blackberries, and food colorings

some medications, including ibuprofen, chloroquine, and metronidazole

Learn more about the pH levels of urine here.

Urine specific gravity and urine color

If a person has concerns about whether they are consuming enough fluid, checking their urine color may help. Urine tends to be darker and has higher specific gravity when a person does not drink enough fluids. Urine is lighter and has lower specific gravity when a person is well-hydrated. If a person continues to have dark urine after consuming extra fluid, it may be time to speak with a doctor. Urine specific gravity tests can give a more precise measurement of the urine’s concentration than just looking at the color alone.

Learn more about what different colors of urine can mean.

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